Graduation Speech College Is The Question - 2004 Words

Katie Block Ms. Swift Composition 3 April 2017 Go to College or Not to Go†¦ That is the Question In today’s society, going to college is expected of teens. As a teen, it seems like everyone is going to some type of higher education, whether it’s a trade school, community college, or a university. For aspiring writers, going to college for some type of writing degree is a great debate in itself. The most popular issues with going on to higher education is how expensive it is, and the necessity of a degree for writing (spoiler alert: it isn’t actually required). However, there are also other issues to consider when wanting to be a writing such as the purpose of a degree for writing, finance for getting into college, a wide-range of skills,†¦show more content†¦Some people are able to get through with little to no debt thanks to high-paying scholarships, or just finding a boat-load of them. However, others are not this lucky and sometimes have to take out a loan. If a student is trying to avoid de bt, then loans definitely are not a favorable choice. When looking for a scholarships, remember to keep an eye out for scams; you should never have to pay a fee for scholarship searches, and if a scholarship looks too good to be true, then it probably is (â€Å"Top 10 Tips† 2). When looking for a scholarship or multiple ones, a quick way to find some is using â€Å"FastWeb† to find eligible scholarships. A teen still in highschool could ask their guidance counselor for advice or assistance in finding scholarships or grants. Grants are also a great way to pay for college with â€Å"free money.† Before looking for any grants, make sure to fill out a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) in order to get any federal loans or grants. A student can get a Federal Pell Grant, which is awarded to students who haven’t earned a bachelor’s degree yet. Asking a university’s financial aid office about available institutional grants can help cov er the cost of education not covered by federal assistance money (â€Å"Hacking Financial Aid† 2). Another source to cover the cost of education are special programs, odd jobs, andShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A University College1061 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity colleges create a seamless transition between one point in life (typically high school) and another (the collegiate academic environment). Students should feel higher levels of attachment to the institution, their faculty, fellow students, and the learning environment because the institution is investing into a model of student-centered ideas and actions. More importantly, such student-centered decisions are linked to educationally purposeful activities that affect student engagement.Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Fox News Network 1327 Words   |  6 PagesIn late September, the Fox News Network published an article calling into question the intentions of a West Point cadet after he wore a sombrero to a foo tball game against the University of Texas at El Paso. In the article, â€Å"Activist cries foul after West Point fan wears sombrero at game near Mexican border,† author Lucia Suarez Sang comments on the outcry that ensued from the Hispanic community after a picture of the cadet was posted on the Academy’s Facebook page. Was it inappropriate for the cadetRead MoreTexas s Annual Graduation Ceremony911 Words   |  4 PagesHouston Community College’s annual graduation ceremony will be held on Saturday, May 14 from 9am-noon at NRG Stadium. President and CEO of the Houston Texans Jamey Rootes will be the keynote speaker at commencement. The ceremony registration deadline is extended until Friday, May 6. Register online: hccs.edu/graduation The HCC Alumni Association is hosting a free Graduation Celebration for the class of 2016 on May 6 at 6pm at the West Loop campus auditorium. The event will have food, musicRead MoreTo Speak or Not to Speak Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesmany lessons learned in life? Simply said, the answer is through speech. Whether by a mother’s worried scolding or a professor’s educated explanation, being able to speak is the general way of spreading knowledge, and quite frankly why humans created language. With this evident, the freedom of speech is irrefutably one of the most vital gifts given, especially during times of mental exploration like that in a college setting. Speech is a gateway. If the nation denies this right to any sect of peopleRead MoreBattle Royal, By Ralph Ellison969 Words   |  4 Pageskept behind his mind. Soon after the grandfather death, the narrator is anticipated to give a speech at his high school graduation party located in the nearest local hotel. Little does he know, he is forced to participates in a duel between other young American men in his class in front of local white leaders. Throughout the fight the young African man becomes very concerned about giving his speech. Through the story of battle royal, the author sends the message of the struggle of poor treatmentRead MoreGraduation Speech : Graduating High School1034 Words   |  5 Pagesbut it got easier once I took things more serious and not as a joke. Having that feeling of knowing that your family members are proud of you is an amazing feeling and having my grandmother explain to me how she felt on my graduation day was heartwarming. The day of graduation I was a nervous wreck, but it was all worth it in the end. Graduating changed my life in a lot of different ways that I wouldn’t have expected but only for the better.. Preparation to graduating high school was the most difficultRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Speech735 Words   |  3 PagesLogos throughout his speech. Within Steve Jobs’ Commencement Address, the rhetorical tool Ethos is used. Jobs began by saying, â€Å"I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation.† Steve Jobs is using ethos to allow the audience to question his credentials to be giving the speech by revealing to them that he did not graduate from college himself. Speaking at a University and telling the audience you have not graduated college would be difficultRead MorePersuasive Speech: Why You Should Go to College?1010 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿PERSUASIVE SPEECH 4 Persuasive speech: Why you should go to college Attention Student debt is at an all-time high. Many college students and recent graduates may find themselves asking: whats the point? Why go to college if there is no guarantee of a great job, but you are almost certainly guaranteed to graduate with high levels of debt? But take a careful look at the statistics. While the unemployment rate for recent four year college graduates is 6.8%, the unemployment rate for recent highRead MoreThe Invisible Man, By Louis Armstrong841 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"What Did I Do to Be So Black and Blue.† As a young man, he lives in the South. He is invited to give his high school graduation speech to a group of white men. However, he is forced to fight against other young, black men in a ring while blindfolded. After the humiliation, the narrator gives his speech. The men award him with a briefcase containing a scholarship to a black college. The narrator has a dream in which the scholarship is a piece of paper revealing that education will not advanc e himRead MoreUnlearning Liberty ( 2014 ) Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesPresident of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) asserts that violations of free speech— whether by students, faculty, or administration—will have devastating effects in greater society. Lukianoff supports his assertion by describing cases he has seen throughout his career at FIRE. From administration punishing students to professors getting fired for clearly protected speech. Lukianoff’s purpose is to point out the misguided lessons about freedom that are being taught on campus

A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner And The Story Of An...

Family Interference Problems There are a lot of similarities and differences between the two short stories â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin. I plan to address these similarities and differences, but don’t worry if you haven’t read these stories, because I will be doing a shortened summary of both stories. By comparing and contrasting these stories I hope to inform you of both authors and the more complex, underlying themes and plots of the stories. In the beginning of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the narrator recalls a time when Miss Emily Grierson had just died and the entire town was attending her funeral. The funeral was held in Miss Emily’s house, who nobody had enter in ten years. The rest of the story goes on to tell about Miss Emily’s life. First, it is learned that Miss Emily does not have to pay taxes, because the former mayor of the town told her she would never have to wor ry about them. Next, it is learned that her father turned away every single one of her suitors, then him, himself died. With Emily’s mother having died when she was young she was left completely alone. She had pretty much given up on love until a new guy comes to town named Homer Barron. Emily and Homer seemed like they hit it off. They were seen going to church together and in the streets together, but further into the story it is said that Homer is not into women. Homer soon after arriving left for a while, but he did return. Sadly he was not back forShow MoreRelated A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin988 Words   |  4 PagesThe Hour for Emily In the short stories A Rose for Emily and The Story of an Hour, Emily Grierson and Louise Mallard are both similar women, in similar time periods but they both are in entirely different situations. This essay will take these two specific characters and compare and contrast them in multiple, detailed ways. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner is a short story with third party narration, centered on the main character, Emily Grierson. She is suppressed by her father, life expectationsRead More Married To Be Alone? Essay examples842 Words   |  4 PagesSteinem says:  ¡Ã‚ §The surest way to be alone is to get married. ¡Ã‚ ¨ In  ¡Ã‚ §The Story of an Hour ¡Ã‚ ¨ by Kate Chopin, we can certainly realize how well the author describes the loneliness of a marriage. There is another short story that also reflects the same point of view in a relationship; it is William Faulkner ¡Ã‚ ¦s  ¡Ã‚ §A Rose for Emily. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Both works serve as strong evidence for Gloria Steinem ¡Ã‚ ¦s opinion. In  ¡Ã‚ §The Story of an Hour ¡Ã‚ ¨ Chopin implies an idea of that Mrs. Mallard lives as a prisoner. Maybe it is becauseRead MoreIsolation: Short Story and Mrs. Mallard Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesIsolation and loneliness In the following short stories Eveline written by James Joyce, The Story of An Hour written by Kate Chopin, and A Rose For Emily written by William Faulkner we find that isolation is a popular theme throughout the stories. There are several factors in each one of the stories that makes us feel the isolation that each one of the women in the stated stories felt. Weather it is Eveline feeling stuck at home due to a request for her to tend to her family and resume the placeRead More Comparison of Kate Chopins Story of an Hour and William Faulkners A Rose for Emily1437 Words   |  6 Pagescitizens. The Napoleonic Code stated that women were controlled by their husbands and cannot freely do their own will without the authority of their husband. This paper shows how this is evident in the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. In both stories, the use of literary elements such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and significant meaning of the titles are ess ential in bringing the reader to an unexpected and ironic conclusion. The background of bothRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour And A Rose For Emily Literary Analysis1297 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners â€Å"A Rose for Emily tells the story of women who face isolation and struggle with their own terms of freedom upon the death of a male figure in their life. Louise and Emily come from different time periods, backgrounds, and have different experiences, yet both share commonality in that they have let themselves be affected by the unrealistic expectations placed on them as traditional ladies. Both of these characters are commonly misconstruedRead MoreRole of Women in Society (the Story of an Hour and a Rose for Emily)1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Women in Society Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† written in 1894 and William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written in 1930 are two stories that show major roles of women in society. Although the two stories have a different perspective of the women due to their era, they both give a great explanation of how the women were and how they were treated by other people during their time. The women in both of the stories explain how they perceive each of their own roles and how they copeRead MoreComparison Essay Between Story of an Hour and Rose for Emily1407 Words   |  6 Pagesthat time, the Napoleonic Code stated that women were controlled by their husbands and cannot freely do their own will without the authority of their husband. This paper shows how this is evident in the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner. In both stories, the use of literary elements such as foreshadowing, symbolism, and significant meaning of the ti tles are essential in bringing the reader to an unexpected and ironic conclusion. The background of bothRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour, And Desiree s Baby Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesMany stories back then consisted of women being dominated over their husbands just because they are female and are considered the ones responsible to maintain the housework. The men who were considered dominant in this era, had the ability to control everything in terms of what the woman could and could not do. Along with that, it was expected that women were to be submissive to their husbands, or male figures in charge of their lives at the time. But in these three different stories, the outcomesRead MoreFeminist Literature And Kate Chopins A Rose For Emily1064 Words   |  5 Pagescomponent of this man centric world. In the present society, we see cases of this in writing stories. In William Faulkner s A Rose for Emily, ladies are depicted as being so obsessed to have a man, though in Kate Chopin s The Story of an Hour, ladies are delineated as having the feeling of independenc e and mindfulness. To begin with, these two stories share numerous different perspectives in like manner. Miss Emily was spoken to as a woman who was depicted as broken without a male figure in her lifeRead MoreThe Story of an Hour and a Rose for Emily Essay2219 Words   |  9 PagesCompare Contrast The Story of an Hour and A Rose for Emily Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour and William Faulkners A Rosefor Emily both characterize the nature of marriage and womanhood bydelving into the psyches of their female protagonists. Also, althoughChopin makes no clear reference to geographic locale in The Story of anHour, both authors usually set their stories in the American South, whichimpacts these characterizations. These two tales share many other points ofreference in common

Drugs And Treatment Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

There are two types of diabetes: type I Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ( IDDM ) and juvenile oncoming diabetes. It is caused by autoimmune devastation of Isles of Langerhans of pancreas. Type II: Non- Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ( NIDDM ) and big oncoming diabetes. We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs And Treatment Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It occurs above 40 old ages of age and go more common with increasing age. Type II diabetes is more common than type I. It includes about 90 per centum of entire instances. It varies within and between states and increasing throughout the universe. Familial constituent plays a major regulation in type II diabetes than type I diabetes. Identical twins are much more prone to type II diabetes than type I. If male parent or female parent has type II the possibility of disease in kids is 7-14 per centum. If both parents have type II diabetes so the possibility of disease additions to 45 per centum. Almost all patients who are holding type II is are symptomless. Other patients show symptoms like hyperglycaemia and vascular prostration. Former Treatments In early seventeenth century a London doctor, Dr. Thomas Wills, confirms diabetes by trying his patient ‘s piss. He diagnosed his patients with diabetes mellitus, if the piss had a sweet gustatory sensation and he called it as ‘honeyed diabetes ‘ . Monitoring of blood sugar degrees by this method mostly unchanged until twentieth century. In 1921, sawbones Frederick Banting, his helper Charles Best extracted insulin. They administered the extracted insulin to Leonard Thompson, a immature male child death of diabetes, with aid of Dr. Collip and Dr. Macleod. Within a twenty-four hours, Leonard ‘s perilously high blood sugars had come to normal degrees. This find is cardinal portion in diabetes history. In 1936 PZI, longer moving insulin was created. In 1952 Lente, which contains high degrees of Zn, advancing the longer continuance of action was invented. In 1950, unwritten medications- sulfonylureas were developed for the people with type II diabetes. These drugs stimulate the pancreas to bring forth more insulin, assisting people with type II diabetes maintain tighter control over their blood sugar degrees ( Diabetes Health, 1996 ) . The individual usage syringe was introduced in 1961 by Becton-Dickinson. This reduced the sum of hurting from injections every bit good as the clip consuming of boiling acerate leafs and glass panpipes. The first portable glucose metre was created in 1969 by Ames Diagnostics. Diabetes Health board member Dr. Richard Bernstein, in his book titled Diabetes Type II, Including Type I, depict his first Ames metre: â€Å" In October of 1969, I came across an advertizement for a new device to assist exigency suites distinguish between unconscious diabetics and unconscious rummies when the research labs were closed at dark†¦ The instrument had a four-inch galvanometer with a beady bearing, weighed three lbs † ( Diabetes Health, 1996 ) . New engineerings modified the size of glucose metres to the size of reckoners. Insulin pumps were designed as per the organic structure ‘s normal release of insulin in 1979. It pumps insulin utilizing a little acerate leaf which is inserted into tegument. But it had no force per unit area accommodation characteristic, so the users got awful hurting. To avoid this hurting Derata released modern needle free injectors holding adjustable force per unit area called Derma-Ject which are comparatively pain free. The haemoglobin A1c trial was devised in 1979 in order to make a more precise blood sugar measuring. With the A1c, haemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying pigment in ruddy blood cells, is used to track glucose alterations over a period of four months, the life span of the cell. Hemoglobin links with the glucose in blood ; the more glucose nowadays, the greater sum of haemoglobin linked with glucose. The A1c became a standard measuring for blood sugar control in the comprehensive ten-year survey from 1983 to 1993-the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial ( DC CT ) ( Diabetes Health, 1996 ) . Present Treatment Finally an unwritten medicine was approved by FDA in 1995 that is Metformin ( biguanides ) . Like other sulfonylurea drugs Glucophage does non increase insulin production in the organic structure but it increases musculuss ability to utilize insulin. Another drug Precose was approved by the people with diabetes II. It reduces sudden rise in blood glucose degree because it delays the saccharides digestion after a repast. The patients should wait for long clip to take these types of drugs so, Lispro a rapid fast drug was developed which can be taken 15 min prior to repasts. In recent old ages unwritten hypoglycaemic drugs are good being used by the patients. Sulfonylureas are the first line of drugs like glimepride, gliclazide, Glucotrol. Weight addition is more with these drugs. To avoid this complication meglitinide parallels are derived such as repaglinide, nateglinide. They cause less weight addition and less allergic than sulfonylureas. Another drug phenformin a biguanide which was discontinued because it causes lactoacidosis and it does non demo any long term effects. Lot of combination drugs are used to handle insulin opposition. Biguanides can be combined with sulfonylureas, meglitinides and with glitazones to handle insulin opposition syndrome. But glitazones exhibits significant insulin opposition at this clip dose of sulfonylureas or of insulin should be decreased to counterbalance for any enhanced insulin activity. Combination therapy of Glucophage and rosiglitazone in patients with type II diabetes mellitus was studied to measure the efficaciousness of this therapy. This drug combination therapy improved the glycemic control, I? cell operation and insulin sensitiveness more efficaciously compared with separately metformin intervention. In some other surveies multi drug combination therapy is used which is ternary therapy with glimepiride along with Glucophage and a thiazolidinedione. This survey resulted in compared to double combination of Glucophage and thiazolidinedione. But it shows hypoglycaemia with low hazard. With these ratings we can state that usage of unwritten hypoglycaemic drugs are really common than any other type of dose regimen. ‘Anakinra ‘ the drug which acts an interleukin-1 receptor adversary showed successful lessening in glycated haemoglobin. It decreased the production of interleukin-1 I? cells in pancreas of human. Thus it regulates the high blood glucose degrees in the organic structure. New engineerings made really much easier in readying of insulin and their types. Recently Inhaled Human Insulin ( Exubera ) was approved by EU and US for preprandial usage in grownup patients with diabetes mellitus. It was good tolerated and was effectual in patients with type II diabetes mellitus when administered entirely or in combination with anti-hyperglycemic therapy or in combination with basal hypodermic insulin. Inhaled insulin, Exubera appeared to be effectual but it is non better than injected short moving insulin. It has no long term safety and is non a cost effectual intervention. Research workers showed involvement in patient ‘s life style besides. Surveies like control of Lifestyle Over and Above Drugs in Diabetes ( LOADD ) suggest that there was an betterment in both anthropometric and glycemic control steps, nutritionary intervention in patients with diabetes mellitus II who are at high hazard of cardio vascular disease. FUTURE Treatments Future diabetes intervention is pancreatic cell organ transplant and islets of Langerhans organ transplant. Pancreatic cell organ transplant tests are done in 2009 on monkeys in which two monkeys showed effectual consequences and one monkey was died due to undetermined causes. Grape fruit ingredient is another new developing drug for diabetes chiefly for type II. ‘Naringenin ‘ compound nowadays in grape fruit makes the liver to fire fat instead than hive awaying after a repast. Recent tests in America utilizing ‘naringenin ‘ are successful in mice but non yet in worlds. It may be success in worlds and may be a good nearing intervention in type II diabetes. ‘Tolrestat ‘ is a new drug utilizing for distending micro vass and increase in tissue perfusion. Generally sorbitol causes inspissating of membrane of capillary endothelium, which leads to narrowing of micro vass and a lessening in tissue perfusion. STOP-NIDDM tests are done with acarbose therapy in pre-diabetic instances. It successfully prevents the figure of new instances by reconstructing I? cell map. Recent surveies proven that ‘resistin ‘ a compound in adipose tissue is moving as insulin resistant so selective I? 3 agonists are given for corpulent patients. Transplant of I? cells and incorporation of insulin cistrons in non I? cell lines are one of the approaching interventions for diabetes. Decision The betterments in diabetes attention should go on. Awareness should be increased in people who are at high hazard of the disease. All the drugs which are utilizing have side effects and lead to discomfort to the patients. In this background, there is demand to research therapies from alternate systems of medical specialties, which will be effectual, safe and good tolerated. For the past decennaries new medical specialties are discovered with new engineerings may be in future we can anticipate the drug which has no side effects and remedies diabetes. For the clip now insulin pumps and combination therapies are the best to handle diabetes. How to cite Drugs And Treatment Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Strengthening & Improvement of Peshawar-Torkham Road

Question: Describe about the Strengthening Improvement of Peshawar-Torkham Road. Answer: 1. Implementation schedule based on work The project plan is based on strengthening and improvement of Peshawar-Torkham Road. The road lies in the Khyber Agency, FATA. The goal of this construction project is to build a road, which is a form of trade communication network. The road connects the Karachi Port-Pakistan to Afghanistan through Peshawar and Torkham. This construction project is a part of FATA sustainable plan of 2006-2015. The following is the project schedule for this construction project so that the management team comes to know the total time taken to construct the road: Contractor mobilization: The start date for contractor mobilization is 1st October 2012, and the total estimated duration of this particular task is 30 days. Therefore, the finish date is 31st October 2012. Earthwork: The total duration required for earth work is 540 days, and the start and finish date is November 2012 to 30th April 2014. Base work: This work started in Dec 2012, and it continues up to 30th June 2014 with duration of 570 days. Surface course and pavement: Total time taken for the surface course and payment is 540 days, from April 2013 to 30th Sep, 2014. Structure R/B walls and culverts: It schedules from Dec 2012 to 31st July 2014 with total estimated time of 600 days. Drainage and erosion work: The start date for drainage and erosion works is December 2012, and the total duration of this particular task is 630 days. Therefore, the finish date is 30th Aug 2014. Ancillary works: Total time taken for the surface course and payment is 420 days, from July 2013 to 10th Sep, 2014. Diversion: The total duration required for earthwork is 690 days, and the start and finish date is November 2012 to 30th Sep, 2014. The project starts from October 2015, and it is commenced till 30th September 2014. Apart from this eight work activities, there are also other work activities for this construction project, which takes the total duration of 330 days. The start time is Nov 2013, and the finish date is 30th Sep, 2014. From the above-identified implementation schedule based on the construction project work, diversion takes more time as compared to other works. It has a total estimated duration of 690 days. 2. Challenges faced in the construction work Security threat: In the construction site, there are threats to the life of the workers those are working on the road construction project. If any accidents, as well as explosions, are occurred at the construction site, then there are no ambulances in the site. Therefore, the victims have not reached the hospital immediately. There is no arrangement of protective clothing of the labors those are working in the hazardous environment such as the requirement of helmets, protective goggles and gloves (Dejus Antucheviciene, 2013). Health and safety of the workers are the major priority of the project management team while processing with the construction work. Procurement of information: The information regarding the design of the road are not procured easily. As it is a construction project work, therefore information and data related to traffic rate on the road should require gathering to identify the hourly-based traffic count. A Proper survey is not done, and another person can get the information and then that information is misused (Xu Song, 2014). Therefore, the design and road construction related information are most vital challenges faced by the project team. Access to that information causes insecurity of data and information in the project work. Traffic problems: While conducting the project of Peshawar Torkham road construction, the project team is not following proper traffic management plan. It challenges the team by creating traffic congestion on the road. It also creates jams as well as a public inconvenience (Tseng Torng, 2014). Proper traffic signboards are not used in the construction site, which causes accidents on the road. There is no announcement to the construction community about the construction movement. It influences the progress of the project plan, estimated time as well as budget. Delay in progress work: Due to bad weather conditions, the construction of the road was not possible. It also delays in time as well as the budget of the project plan. Sometimes, absenteeism of the workers causes a delay in the time and therefore the number of assigned for each activity increases (Srinivasan, 2014). Due to delay in time, the budget also increases based on total days delay. Apart from this, noise and ecological challenges are also faced in the project work causes a restriction in the project plan and its progress. Solutions to the challenges faced in the road construction project Special security arrangement: As the construction of the road lies in the Khyber Agency, FATA, and the road connects the Karachi Port-Pakistan to Afghanistan throughout Peshawar and Torkham. Therefore the project requires increasing their security arrangement. The road construction plan connects two countries. Therefore it allows to give logistics maintenance needed by the law enforcers (Mubarak, 2015). In the border areas of Pakistan as well as Afghanistan, strong security forces are required to control the situation. There should be a collaboration with the armies of Pakistan such that they can provide with required security. Consultation with NESPAK to procure the information: an Initial survey of the construction project work is being done by the NESPAK. They should conduct a 24 hours survey on the traffic count to identify the rate of traffic on the road based on hours. The survey should be done based on selected location, date, day, and type of survey as well as total survey duration. It helps to get accurate information on traffic count (Atlas, 2013). Based on this traffic survey, they should get information as well as data on the traffic congestion on the road so that it helps them to construct the road. Special traffic arrangements: Due to the construction of the Peshawar-Torkham road, the public faces lots of traffic congestion on the road (Harvey, Waterson Dainty, 2015). Therefore, the proper traffic management plan should require in order to control the traffic jams as well as the inconvenience of public throughout the construction of Peshawar Torkham Road. Proper signboards are used in the construction site to avoid any accidents on the road. It gives smooth traffic flow. Important announcements are done to give information on temporary movements of the transport (Garber Hoel, 2014). Due to a construction of the road, some of the routes are locked and therefore the construction project team should arrange for alternative routes. There should be an arrangement of traffic police on the road to control the traffic. Special equipment should also be used such as traffic control system. It is used to integrate the digital sensors to get data on the number of vehicles on the road. I t gives the data as well as information based on the queue on the road as well as delay data. 4. PERT CPM Chart The given PERT CPM chart for this project plan to strengthen as well as improve the construction of a road through Peshawar-Torkham analyzes as well as presents the works, which are involved in completing the construction plan. It shows the critical path of the project plan. This shows the factors, which will influence achievements of the project work with a goal to achieve the objectives of the project such as time and resources (Shaw Sellers, 2015). From the given chart, it shows the minimum time required in order to complete the entire project construction plan. The critical path of the project plan is contractor mobilization as well as diversion. Therefore, the total shortest duration is (690+50) days = 740 days. From this, it is identified that time is used as a variable that can symbolize the considered resources function alongside with performance arrangement (Narayanamoorthy Maheswari, 2016). These two events of the project are called as critical activities while other even ts are the non-critical activities. From the PERT CPM chart, the accurate time is calculated and then the network of the construction project plan is constructed. The earthwork as well as a diversion is dependent on the contractor mobilization. Base course; structure R/B walls and culverts, drainage and erosion works are not started until the mobilization of the contractor are completed. After the completion of those activities, then surface course and payment, ancillary works as well as miscellaneous activities are to be carried out. Using this CPM chart, the tasks are to be carried out according to the dependent of each task on each other. The given PERT CPM chart shows the time, schedule as well as a sequence of each of the activities involved with the implementation and construction plan (Yang Kao, 2012). After analyzing the critical path of the project, it helps the project team to make some differentiation between the achievement as well as a breakdown of the plan (Ahmad, 2014). It is also assessed the challenge as well as problems that are faced while conducting the implementation plan for constructing the Peshawar-Torkham road. After analyzing the critical path of the project, it reduces both times as well as the c ost of the plan so that the project management team can conduct their work within estimated schedule and cost. 5. Recommendations In order to successfully complete the construction project plan, the recommendations which are suggested as follows: Minor design improvement: In the project work, there are some challenges based on the design of culverts. Most of the culverts illustrate distress due to a limitation of maintenance as well as its old age. They are extended previously. For this particular construction plan, the width of the road on the culverts is ranging from 11 to 14 m. those culverts are fallen apart from the road alignment. Therefore some improvements are required in the design of culverts. The height of the culverts is varied based on the site condition. Therefore the project team recommended changing RD (1+ 290 and 5+692) culverts. Due to reconstruction as well as renovation of new culverts, it would reduce the traffic problems on the road. Retrofitting of bridges: The project should require proper retrofit measures to overcome with the damages of the bridges on the road. The damage to the bridges causes risks to the public, as there are chances of breakage of the bridges anytime. Therefore, it should require taking retrofitting of bridges measures. Cost review: The geometry design of most of the bridges on the road is required to be changed so that the cost of the project should change. In order to review the cost of the project plan, the project team should use cost review technique such as cost-benefit analysis to identify if the plan should get benefit or loss regarding cost. If the project should benefit, then it will be successfully constructed. Finally, proper cost estimation, as well as cost planning, is required before doing any changes in the plan. The cost review for this particular project plan should go for 20 percent towards the accuracy of the estimation of cost. Pouring of concrete: Pouring should be done at the nighttime, as it will help to lay it properly as well as there should be avoidance of cracks. An excavator should be hired to help in pouring and preparing the construction site. The project team should size, depth as well as size the project plan to have considered at the time of pouring concrete. Concrete installation should be done to get an understanding of how the pouring should be done. 6. Lessons learnt From the entire construction project plan for strengthening as well as improvement of Peshawar-Torkham Road, some of the lessons are learned as follows: Teamwork: The project team members are doing mentoring, and they are helping each other in conducting the project work. One to one feedback of the team members is taken to identify the problems and issues they face while working in the project. All are working together in order to achieve their project goals. Planning and resourcing: Each of the work activities is distributed to the project team members individually. Therefore, before starting to work on the project, all the works is distributed dependent on the skills and knowledge of the members. It increases the quality of the project plan. Proper scheduling, planning, budgeting as well as resourcing are required to construct the road. Project requirements are done properly. Development of project schedule, work breakdown structure and cost estimation are done accurately. Risk mitigation: In order to mitigate the risks, the project uses project communication plan to interact with each member. The weekly meeting is done to discuss the problems, issues, and progress of the project plan. Risk assessment matrix should require doing in order to identify the consequences and impacts of the risks on the construction project plan. Time management: For each of the project activities, proper estimation of time is required. Therefore, control over the time increases the efficiency as well as productivity of the project plan. If the project team members should able to manage their time and finish each of the activities within the estimated time, then it will help to control the cost as well as time. It maximizes the project benefit by limiting the total project time. Time management is considered as one of the most vital functions of project management. Cost analysis: By adopting the cost of plinth foundation, it will reduce by 35 percent to 50 percent. Therefore, it reduces the cost of construction and makes the structure more effective. In the construction project plan, the cost consists of construction and initial design cost. Cost effective road planning is also required to reduce the cost so that later no new cost increasing items should be added to the schedule plan. References Ahmad, S. H. 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